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The Canadian government that it is making significant cuts to the number of immigrants admitted into Canada. The number of new permanent residents is expected to be cut by nearly 20 per cent next year, while fewer temporary foreign workers will be .

The government says the cuts would result in a 0.2 per cent decline in Canada’s population and alleviate “.”

The cuts come as Canada’s political leaders are increasingly blaming immigrants for the country’s housing and health-care problems. Political discourse from both and routinely casts increased migration as the primary cause of Canada’s housing and health-care crises.

The government’s announcement of cuts further plays into this narrative and is already being used by anti-immigrant politicians, like Donald Trump, who said “.”

The broader societal fallout of this is the further normalization of everyday hate and animosity toward migrants, especially those who are racialized.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announcing the government’s plan to cut immigration.

What is everyday hate?

, Ont., a South Asian man was verbally assaulted and given the middle finger by a white woman. After he confronted her to ask what he had done, she told him “Indians are taking over Canada” and that he should “go back to India.”

This kind of manifests during banal encounters between the victim and the perpetrators in the “everyday” of daily life. Hate constitutes violence and violent acts — covert and overt — targeted at people or groups “

Race, skin colour, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender and disability are categories for hate that can range from discrimination, threats and slurs, to assaults and exclusionary policies.

In Canada, anti-immigrant and anti-newcomer hate often revolves around race, with racialized and ethno-religious groups, such as Sikhs and Muslims, becoming easy targets.

In 2023, 44.5 per cent of hate incidents in Canada were motivated by race or ethnicity with . Between 2022 and 2023, .

like travel bans, while rhetoric from government officials influences public perception about targeted groups. This, in turn, filters into the larger society to against those who are singled out as “the other.”

Hatred resulted in the by a man who admitted that it was precipitated by animosity towards South Asian people.

In 2021, a man in London, Ont. killed a Pakistani Canadian family, running them over with his truck. Islamophobic hate and the contributed to the attack which a judge described as .

The 2017 too illustrate what can happen when beliefs translate into violence, and the haunting impact on people’s pysche.

The and felt both by the victimized individual and the community to which they belong.

Fueling ‘Great Replacement’ theories

Since Spring 2024, I have been conducting a study on the online spread of centre-right populism and white supremacist ideology in Canada and Southern Europe that specifically targets racialized male migrants.

Both regions have witnessed a rise in , and , with political leaders and populist discourses scapegoating recent migrants for societal crises.

I am examining how the ratchetting-up of anti-immigrant discourse by the political elites translates into racialized abuse and attacks on migrants engaged in gig economy jobs like ride-hailing and food delivery.

According to my preliminary findings, the far-right online narrative both in Canada and across Southern Europe is increasingly using the to stir up racial hate against migrants, especially against racialized male migrants.

A recent study by the revealed a sharp rise in online racism against South Asians. In Canada and elsewhere, online posts fueling Great Replacement Theory push the narrative that increased South Asian migrants will transform Canada into a nation with a non-white majority. This normalization of white nationalism and white Canadians as is exhibited when ordinary folks .

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“There is definitely a trend within the far-right spaces, particularly in Canada, of targeting South Asian communities and individuals for derision…They are making them the focus of a lot of anti-immigrant narratives and we’re seeing the phrase, ‘they have to go back’ being deployed a lot.”

The socialization of a culture of hate through diverse media and the role of state policies and state actors in shaping hate discourse .

White Canadian young men are being drawn to white supremacist ideology through movements like the . Online hate is particularly worrisome as it not only creates echo chambers easily across social media networks,

With racialized migrants often occupying hypervisible jobs in the gig economy and service sector, my study seeks to understand how their labour exposes them to a higher risk of , and .

The trauma of hate

These words by Adama Dieng, former United Nations Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, remind us how politically expedient discourse about groups of people can easily translate into targeted violence against those who are not seen as “one of us.”

Anti-immigrant rhetoric makes racism and hate seem banal and everyday. It negatively influences the lived experiences of racialized people as they navigate public spaces where they are forced into face-to-face interactions with potential perpetrators of hate.

What makes these more traumatic to the individual psyche is that they occur in the , are often unrecognized by the dominant society, and thus harder to prove by the victims. This hate results in racialized victims experiencing . In the everyday, the .

Hate crimes will only increase in Canada as anti-immigrant rhetoric is pushed and normalized by politicians. Governments need to see random acts of hate as part of a larger structural violence against racialized people in Canada. And they need to consider how their rhetoric might fuel that violence. Instead of waiting for the next targeted killing or attack, they need to stop scapegoating immigrants for political gains.

, Associate Professor, Global Development Studies,

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