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A significant collection of traditional African art has had a home in Canada for almost 100 years.

At , we are working on new, more hospitable practices of care for this collection. This means that we are attentive and are taking responsibility for responding to these in ways that encourages community access and inclusion.

We are located at Queen’s University, in Kingston, Ont., on the territories of the Anishinaabek, Haudenosaunee and Huron-Wendat, in a city where .

The African art collection, named after donors Justin and Elisabeth Lang, consists of approximately 600 three-dimensional pieces that originate from 19 West African countries.

This collection is part of a cluster of similar collections in North America that made their way via European art markets. In 1938, Elisabeth Lang (nee Von Taussig), fleeing from Nazi-occupied Vienna, started the collection from Ivory Coast that she purchased in an Amsterdam junk shop.

European market in African art

The European market in African art had boomed in the 1920s and 1930s. European enthusiasm for African art was partly due to its influence on modernist artists, .

From the early 1900s, directly from European, mainly French, colonies. Buyers and sellers were colonial officials, missionaries or in the military. This commercial network remained intact as the appreciation of African art shifted dramatically from an ethnographic bias where African objects were studied as materials of a specific people, to becoming African “art” for aesthetic contemplation.

Both these frameworks for studying African material had a colonial bias. As scientific specimens, objects from Africa were often used as evidence of racial and cultural difference. The term .

As art, these objects were used to to the western mind. The establishment of an African art market therefore had direct ties to European colonial projects and imperial commercial networks that reinforced colonial violences.

At least four lives of the collection

The Lang family donated the collection to Agnes in 1984. At the time, it was the at a Canadian university. As a body, the collection has had at least four lives: one within Africa as an active part of everyday life, another in Europe as part of a thriving art market, in Canada as a private art collection and now as a museum holding on a university campus.

But our records of these lives are sparse. We know very little about the contexts in which the individual pieces were produced, bought and sold in Africa, from as far south as Angola to as far north as Mauritania.

Instead, museum records and databases focus on other things: place of origin, material make up and physical size. These kinds of records were made for institutions, not communities.

‘You are holding communities’

Decolonising Cultural Spaces: The Living Cultures Project, is an initiative with a short film at its heart .

In this film, Samwel Nangiria, Maasai community leader, notes:

“ … museums need to be a place of people, not a place of artifacts. When we see these objects we see our parents, we see our ancestors.”

As curator of the Lang collection, I am rethinking its future role. How do we adjust our practices to respond to a colonial past and to the gaps in our understanding? Considering voices like Nangiria’s , I believe that while the collection resides with us, we have the responsibility to respond to new questions:

• What does it mean to think of the collection as living, and of needing to be in relation to communities?
• How does a museum meet these evolving needs, and practise better care?
• How do we respond to a complex history proactively, highlight absences and enable alternatives?

New curatorial approaches

�����Ա��’s drew on sculptural elements from contemporary art and incorporated the work of .

This exhibition was conceived under pandemic lockdown in Cape Town. I was confronting isolation, impending economic migration to Canada and the start of curatorial work at Agnes and Queen’s University. I felt compelled to find new ways to enliven a collection that inhabited an awkward silence in the museum.

Then the , became a . Mobilizing the world, it presented another view of Africa: action, aliveness and contemporaneity.

‘With Opened Mouths’

For the Agnes exhibit , we discarded the glass display cases often used in museums and instead used labelling that echoed contemporary African signage. To open spaces outside the museum, a podcast ran alongside the exhibition, and currently continues into a second season. is a digital safe space where I interview racialized creatives to discuss their practice.

The podcast not only reflects on the journeys of artists but also the crucial value of artistic communities.

Moving out of the vault

On July 15, the Lang Collection makes its next journey. The collection will move to a temporary home on campus in preparation for renovations at Agnes. These renovations are not only about .

The move of the African collection out of the vault is momentous. Although portions of the collection have been on display before, this is the first time the entire collection has been brought above ground to once again be part of the living world.

To honour the liveliness of beings and history both seen and unseen, on July 15 we are , named after South African music icon Brenda Fassie’s .

Celebration of presence, welcome, care

Agnes staff and community members will celebrate with music, poetry and dance, and we will launch the poetry bundle eleven metal tongues written by award-winning . The project emerged after Bitek’s first visit to the vaults.

Bitek’s poetry evokes a deep sense of being in the collection’s presence, of the uneasy fit of written descriptions in collection databases with the quivering reality before us, the inadequacies of language and suppressed stories. Vulindlela! will be a moment of hope, welcome and care. It marks a renewed commitment to reconsider the living significance of these belongings.

In essence, these curatorial practices seek to acknowledge the African communities and artists who have, unknowingly, built up the collection at Agnes.

The hearts, hands and minds of those who remain unnamed need their labour celebrated, and their voices heard.

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, Associate Curator Arts of Africa, Agnes Etherington Art Centre,

This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .

The Conversation is seeking new academic contributors. Researchers wishing to write articles should contact Melinda Knox, Director, Thought Leadership and Strategic Initiatives, at knoxm@queensu.ca.