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Regulatory & Relevant Legislation in Canada

Federal

promotes the conservation of Canadian and international wildlife and biological diversity by managing migratory birds and nationally significant habitat, and by providing leadership on other issues, such as recovery of endangered species. The ECCC oversees the following Acts and Regulations:

• Canada Wildlife Act
• Wildlife Area Regulations  
• Migratory Birds Convention Act
• Migratory Birds Regulations  
• Migratory Bird Sanctuary Regulations
• Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Inter-provincial Trade Act (WAPPRIITA)  
• Wild Animal and Plant Trade Regulations  
• Species at Risk Act  

bears responsibility for marine reptiles and mammals. The Marine Mammal Regulations http://lawslois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR9356/index.html are listed under the Fisheries Act .

The Canada National Parks Act provides for regulations for the protection of fauna, the taking of specimens of fauna for scientific or propagation purposes, and the destruction or removal of dangerous or superabundant fauna. WAPPRIITA is the enabling legislation for CITES in Canada. WAPPRIITA also provides the authority to protect Canadian ecosystems from the introduction of listed harmful invasive species by requiring permits and makes it an offence to transport an animal or plant from one province or territory to another or export from a province or territory without the required provincial or territorial permits.

The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC)   develops and maintains a national listing of Canadian species at risk, based on the best scientific evidence available. COSEWIC consists of representatives from the wildlife departments of all 13 Canadian provincial and territorial governments; federal departments and corporations concerned with wildlife, including the Canadian Wildlife Service (which provides the secretariat), Parks Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the Canadian Museum of Nature; and three non-governmental conservation organizations. It is the responsibility of the respective provincial and territorial jurisdictions where the species occurs to take whatever actions are appropriate to address the threats and limiting factors placing a species at risk.

Many birds migrate across international borders, and hence their research use and consequent influence on survival may be of interest to several countries. The ECCC regulates the hunting of migratory birds and also requires that special permits be obtained for the collection, banding and/or holding of these birds. In addition, permits are required to carry out activities such as wildlife research in National Wildlife Areas and Migratory Bird Sanctuaries.

Permits from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) are required for the movement of cervids within Canada under the in order to prevent the spread of brucellosis, tuberculosis or chronic wasting disease. If the presence of these diseases, rabies, anthrax or foreign animal diseases are suspected in wildlife, CFIA should be contacted. Additionally, the Public Health Agency of Canada should be contacted if wildlife diseases transmissible to humans are suspected.

Provincial/Territorial

All provinces and territories in Canada have legislation governing activities involving wildlife. Therefore, it is imperative that investigators consult with the appropriate provincial or territorial agency when planning a project involving wildlife. Licenses or permits are required for the killing, capture, holding, marking, transport, trade, and sometimes release of most wildlife. This includes wildlife held for research and teaching. Provincial regulations also exist for the types of traps permitted and for the use of firearms or other weapons in specific areas. Additionally, permits are required for the movement of wildlife, or parts thereof, across borders, and such movement may necessitate obtaining permits in more than one province or territory.

Provinces and territories may have endangered species legislation and listings and associated permit requirements. Such legislation and listings may also be applied responsibility lies with another agency (e.g., migratory birds, and marine reptiles or mammals). Most terrestrial species (mammals, amphibians and reptiles) and several species of birds (raptors, corvids and resident non-migratory species) fall solely within provincial/territorial jurisdiction.

Permits may also be needed to conduct wildlife research in provincial/territorial wildlife areas, refuges, game sanctuaries, ecological reserves, wilderness areas, parks, or other specially designated lands. Additionally, permits may also be required for active habitat manipulation or other activities on any provincial/territorial land holding.

Alberta

• Ministry of Environment and Protected Areas 
• Wildlife Act 

British Columbia

• Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations - Fish and Wildlife Branch    
• Wildlife Act 

Manitoba

• Department of Economic Development, Investment, Trade and Natural Resources - Fish and Wildlife Branch 
• Wildlife Act 
• Endangered Species and Ecosystems Act 
• The Polar Bear Protection Act    

New Brunswick

• Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development  
• Fish and Wildlife Act 
• Species at Risk Act 

Newfoundland and Labrador 

• Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture 
• Wildlife Regulations 
• Endangered Species Act 
• Wilderness and Ecological Reserves Act 

Northwest Territories

• Department of Environment and Climate Change 
• Wildlife Act 
• Species at Risk (NWT) Act  

Nova Scotia

• Department of Natural Resources and Renewables - Wildlife and Biodiversity Division
• Wildlife Act  
• Endangered Species Act 
• Conservation Easement Act

Nunavut

• Department of Environment - Wildlife Deterrence Program          
• Department of Environment - Wildlife Management                 
• Wildlife Act  

Ontario

• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry - Wildlife and Nature                           
• Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act 
• Endangered Species Act 

Prince Edward Island

• Department of Environment, Energy and Climate Action                
• Wildlife Conservation Act                                                       

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• Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks 
• Ministry of the Environment, the Fight Against Climate Change, Wildlife and Parks
• Act respecting the conservation and development of wildlife   
• Regulation respecting threatened or vulnerable wildlife species and their habitats
• Act respecting hunting and fishing rights in the James Bay and New ²Ï³Üé²ú±ð³¦ territories 
• Parks Act 
• Ecological Reserves Act 
• Forest Act 

Saskatchewan

• Ministry of Environment 
• Wildlife Act 
• Wildlife Habitat Protection Act 

Yukon

• Department of Environment 
• Wildlife Act